Sports And Children Essay Example For Students

Sports And Children Essay We no longer live in a society where kids run around actively throughout the neighborhood. The sandlot baseball games, pick up games in the park, and innocence in the children are gone in sports. Today children are more interested in television, computers, and video games and parents are afraid of letting their children run around the streets because of kidnapping. Kids are simply no longer interested in physical activity. A poll of over a thousand parents and one with students was done and the results show they blame inactivity on lack of time and homework. Whatever the cause is, we can see results with studies throughout the last few years. We will write a custom essay on Sports And Children specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now * 22% of children are physically active everyday of the week. * 49% in grade 4-12 are moderately to vigorously active. * 34% attend Physical Education classes daily. * 23% dont have these classes offered, because no all states have educational requirements for PE and some have budget cuts in the program. * 54% of children ages 6-11 are obese, with the obesity rates till on the rise (Hellmich 1997). * There are a number of federal, state, and local school programs to help students reach fitness goals. The missing link in having physically fit children seems to be the parents. They are allowing children to remain sedentary with the television and computers. Not enough children have parents who monitor their childs activity schedules, expose them to physical activity, and who serve as role models in being active themselves. Sports involvement and competition is very important in a childs life, but sometimes can go too far. Physical activity offers both positive and negative aspects in a childs life. Physical activity is an integral part of the learning process at all grade levels/ Unfit children develop low opinions of themselves, dislike activity, and develop antisocial attitudes. Children need the physical and mental benefits of sports. Kids involved in sports will physically feel better about their bodies by being fit, they are less likely to have the risk of obesity later in life, and more likely to learn new skills (Krucoff 1998). Mentally, sports stimulate the intellectual development, sharpen motor skills, provide emotional and social growth, help with depression, and increase self-confidence. A non-active child that becomes active in a sport program find increased energy, longer attention span, improved self-esteem, and better communication skills (Sports Psychology). Students learn about their bodies and want to improve them to lead a fulfilling life. Overall most children in sports enjoy themselves because they are having fun and meeting new friends. Athletics allow th ese children to interact with children of the same age with this similar interest thereby improving their social skills for later in life. This experience in sports will serve as a positive model to follow when approaching other challenges and obstacles throughout life. There is a strong connection between academic success and athletics. Athletes especially in high school perform better and remain in school more than non-athletes (Krucoff 1998). In middle school, high school, and college there is an athletic eligibility grade point average. If the student doesnt make the grades, they arent entitled to participate in sports. With this push in academics students now work harder in the classroom so they can participate. Many students have sports to thank for being a college student. Without the athletic money from the talent in the sport most children of low-income families cant afford college. These students at the college athlete level tend to be successful because of the high demands and expectations of grades. In most schools the athletic eligibility is actually higher than graduation requirements. Studies also show in high school women have sew later, lowering the risk of pregnancy and disease. Young females also have higher self-esteem and a power to say no (Krucoff 1998). Competition is a very vital aspect of children involved in sports that offers many positive outcomes and teaches a variety of life skills. Competition is necessary for excellence and a child needs competitors who are not much better or worse at sports for this development to be essential. Without worthy opponent and challenges sports I not so much fun. The better the challenge the better opportunity a child has to go beyond his or her limits. Competition begins early in life even before a childs first birthday. There is constant competition for attention, toys, and time. Young children are bombarded with messages concerning competition often from parents (Tye 1997). .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402 , .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402 .postImageUrl , .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402 , .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402:hover , .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402:visited , .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402:active { border:0!important; } .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402:active , .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402 .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c717df9885bec793983c13bc6305402:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Supply And Demand Essay? Be the best!? We want you to be #1? Have fun, its just a game? Give it your best shot? Winners never give up!Parents expect from these messages for their child to develop a healthy competitive attitude with success and self-esteem. This is often true. Competition is an important means in motivating children to make the most of their potential in many areas throughout life. The ultimate goal of competition is challenging oneself and to improve, the outcome does not matter and children will feel good about oneself for doing the best that they can. Competition and the winning and losing aspect of this in sports can be used to build character in and gain a degree of self-knowledge in young children. Teamwork, perseverance, commitment, dedication, sportsmanship, loyalty, self-discipline, and compassion for others are all positive traits children can learn through competition. Many are opposed to starting competition at a young age, but supporters say if it does not start at the elementary level, children wont be ready for high school. The goal is to be on the team and to get scholarship money. Teaching the skills and giving kids the experience of competition at an early age they are prepared. In order to get college scouts to come to a high school a good program is needed. Involvement in sports and competition can also be very negative for children. In todays culture winning is believed to be everything. This may be because of parental involvement and professional sports putting a great emphasis on winning. Seventy-five percent of children in organized sports drop out by the age fourteen because of over emphasis on competition (Picon). Three out of four children wouldnt mind if no one kept score at all. They would prefer to lose and have fun than to win at all costs, but overzealous adults and parents drown voices out (Spaid 1997). With Little League, soccer, and football programs increasing parental involvement is increasing as well. Parents watching their children compete brings out an unfamiliar intensity of emotion. They enjoy childs success much more than their own. The intensity and frequency of tantrums that many parents display at games is on the rise (Spaid 1997). Parents often yell at coaches for not recognizing talent, other parents, referee s and sometime the child herself. They are believed to behave this way because they see in their children the embodiment of their own unfulfilled expectations and goals (Tye 1997). Children do not need this burden and stress; they are having enough trouble putting one foot in front of other without falling down. Too much stress can seriously affect a childs ability to focus on skills and performance and competition can be seen as a threat and not a challenge. Some parents push their children so far in sports to a point where it is more work than fun. The child may begin to feel they are playing the sport for their parents instead of for themselves. Some parents even use guilt or bribery to keep the child involved (Tye 1997). Children cannot handle the parental pressure and stick with it to avoid disappointing these parents. Parents who over do themselves in sports make the mistake of punishing a child for a bad performance by withdrawing emotionally from him or her. The child may fe el unloved because of this disgust and anger parents often portray (Sports Psychology). This can only ruin a relationship between parent and child. The field should be looked and respected as a classroom where kids are to learn and have fun. However; today peoples idea of baseball is what they see in the Major Leagues, children are expected to be a little Major League player. They lose interest because they are not ready for this pressure and feel the sport to be the only thing in their life. Today clubs and travel teams are popular among children involved in sports. In these very competitive teams there is no emphasis on character development and equal playing time. An all out blitz for competition is shown. The young children in these leagues are pushed harder and sooner. Most of these clubs and travel teams hold tryouts and often makes cuts. This can be very harmful for young children telling them they are failure basically. Some children would do anything to be a part of this high level team, but then finds out they are not ready. Their self-esteem decreases as they spend time on the bench. Supporters say that they are giving kids what they want an opportunity to improve skills. Sociologist David Hunt opposes this view. He believes these travel teams lead children down a path where few succeed giving them a distorted system of values. There is too much emphasis on something that ends up being only an entertaining part of their live. The emphasis on interpersonal relat ionships and academics is lost (Billie 1998). In addition to psychological adjustment issues children go through due to stress from sports, there is also physical injury. Sports is now the leading cause of injury among adolescents, more and more young athletes are damaging their still growing muscles and bones (Krucoff 1998). In 1996,? 201,000 Children under the age 14 suffered from basketball injuries that have landed them in the hospital. .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2 , .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2 .postImageUrl , .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2 , .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2:hover , .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2:visited , .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2:active { border:0!important; } .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2:active , .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2 .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua868e97943d75ca576736148b4e103f2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homelessness Essay? 167,000 suffered injuries from football? 147,000 suffered injuries from baseball? 69,000 from soccer (Johnson 1998)These injuries tend to fit the same profile. The children play on a competitive team practicing almost everyday on a year round basis. The duration and intensity is increased during training. The injury starts off as a pain or an ache but coachs and players feel they can still be active in the game. These injuries tent to be over-use injuries such as stress fractures, tendinitis, and bursitis. Children are not given the time necessary for the body to recover. Coachs and parents both dont realize children have growth tissue that adults dont, leaving them more vulnerable. These injuries were first noticed and tend to be more susceptible in boys because they play in high-risk sports. Girls are also very susceptible to injury because of the increased body fat, decrease in muscle strength, and change in alignment of body (Johnson 1998) Children are not ready at young ages to be using their muscles for vigorous physical activity. In conclusion, sports can be beneficial to a childs self-esteem, confidence, health, and social life. When a child is an athletic environment that boosts his self-esteem, he will learn faster, enjoy himself more and perform better under competitive pressure. Competition if not used in the wrong way can be a very good thing for children. The word comes from the Latin words com and petere which mean together and seeking respectively. Competition is seeking together where your opponent is your partner, not the enemy. World records are broken all of the time because the best athletes are seeking together and challenging each other to superior performance. Athletes usually in higher level grades do better academically as well. Parents need to get children off the couches and away from the television set starting when they are young. Parents also need to know their role as a parent on their childs athletic team. They are to be the childs best fan and leave the coaching and instructing to the coach. When a child stops having fun and dreads going to practices and games, a parent should realize they have gone to far. The child that continues to play long after the fun is gone will soon be a drop out statistic. If they have their own reasons and goals for participating, they will be more motivated to excel and be more successful. ReferencesBillie, K. (1998, December). What I Learned in Gym. Psychology Today, p.18. Gobeau, D. (1998, January 23). Building character in sports. National Catholic Reporter (on-line) p.21. http://web2.searchbank.com/infotra. Hellmich, N. (1997, July 1). Few kids get daily exercise. USA Today (on-line), p. D, 1:6. Http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?ts. Johnson, K. (1998, June 2). Very Young, and Very Competitive Beyond Play. Christian Science Monitor p.1. Krucoff, C. (1998, September 29). Encouraging kids to participate in sports. The Washington Post (on-line), p. Z20. Http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?ts. Picon, D. Making the best out of youth sports. (on-line), p. 1-5. Http://ridesafeinc.com/wings/stress5.htm. Spaid, E. (1997, June 3). Good sportsmanship declines on the sidelines amid rising tempers, leagues, and parks are insisting on parental cool. Christian Science Monitor (on-line), p. 1:3. Http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?tsstress, anxiety, and energy. Sports Psychology (on-line), p. 1-4. Http://stad.dsl.n1/coach/stresscn.html. Tye, L. (1997, September 30). Injured at an early age. Boston Globe (on-line), p. A, 1:1. Http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?TS. Editorial Parents, practice sportsmanship. (1998, May 11). The Atlanta Constitution (on-line), p. A; 08. Http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?TS. Education Essays

Islamic Banking Conclusion Essays

Islamic Banking Conclusion Essays Islamic Banking Conclusion Essay Islamic Banking Conclusion Essay Customers demanding Islamic banking and finance services. Even some attribute this to the greater awareness of religious values plus the argues that this Is by default as the only Islamic banks is owned by the government, but still this trend might have an Impact on the key determinants of demand towards the Islamic banks. Which In overall due to the survey it literally proves that 67 out of 106 accounts Is opened In Islamic banks, compare to the conventional banks which Is only 39 accounts opened by the overall 70 respondents. Out of that 35 of the respondent had opened the Islamic bank only, while 20 had opened both conventional banks and Islamic banks. This shows the high demand of the Islamic banks from the 70 of the respondents. Respondents tends to choose In opening their banks accounts due to better quality services and also due to the bank good reputation, with this fact the bank should Allan their image in terms of It. However, Islamic banks should really not implementing more in the high return on investment and the credit card, even from the survey conducted proves there is only little selection for it to both the Islamic and conventional banks, which is not even more than half of the respondent. So it is strongly suggested that even though having high return on investment and credit card still the feedback from the customers are not due to those factors as they may eve knowledge about the prohibition of Rib which lead them to not really into it. So what is the purpose for having it as their products. In splitting our sample to the Muslim respondent and the non- Muslim respondent it show that the demand of opening Islamic banking and financing is high in both type of respondent. On the other hand, with more established Islamic Banks may be able to give more opportunity for the public to be more expose to the Islamic banking and Brunet could be truly becoming economically Islamic country.

One Road to Royalties

One Road to Royalties Breaking into the publishing business is quite the challenge. And new writers who follow the traditional route, soon discover that writing the book is far easier than capturing the attention of an agent, having a manuscript accepted, and then receiving royalties for their work. Having a track record of previous publications helps Magazines and small literary or academic journals are possible markets, and many pay for material, but just because theyre plentiful, doesnt make them easy to crack. After banging on the door of one online magazine for several months, I finally gained entry. After my first successful submission, they went on to publish several of my stories and nonfiction articles. This one breakthrough opened one more door, and when that online magazine accepted my work, I was able to add three additional published stories to my author

Martin Luther and the German Reformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Martin Luther and the German Reformation - Essay Example d Though both these extracts logically defy the papal authority and power, yet the â€Å"Address to German Nobility† is more sonorous in tone and diction, and sarcastically condemns the ways adopted and observed by the clergy, in comparison with the :Captivity of the Church.† e Since Luther witnessed the division of the Christian community into the clergy, the nobility and the peasantry, where the former two groups were exploiting the later, so declaring every Christian was extremely essential to eliminate class discrimination from the religion. (Answers): 2 a By justification, Luther simply means the criteria applied by the pope and priests to estimate the character and deeds of ordinary Christians, though Luther views it as entirely a private subject. b Luther symbolises belief with tree, and actions with fruit. He simply states that if belief is at right direction, then actions will also be accurate. However, the Church vehemently looks for good deeds to please the Lo rd, which is in contrast to the Lutheran teachings. c Luther has selected trees and fruits in order to explain the intention and action. He supports faith in comparison to acts, and views faith far more sublime than behaviour. Trees are symbol of origin, while fruit represents actions, so Luther applies these concepts to clarify his point. d Since explaining different things with the help of examples, symbols and signs is helpful in making things clear, Luther’s straightforward and logical description is certainly convincing. e Every religion has described some specific code of life to lead a pious life, and if we revolt against the religious laws by observing the behaviour of our own choice, it will harm and hurt others physically and sentimentally. Consequently, Luther’s good work notion will also endanger law and order situation. (Answers): 3 a Since Christians have taken oath of doing good with the fellow-beings, killing and hurting others comes under the definitio n of forfeiting one’s body and soul. b The ruler’s not tolerating the Gospel even means that even a ruler is going against the Biblical teachings; he should not be attacked, revolted or killed. c Luther views slandering of God’s holy name as the most obnoxious act, which has been turned down with greatest displeasure by him. d Luther preaches the subjects to be loyal and obedient to the rulers at any cast, as it is the essential element of Christ’s teachings. Similarly, the rulers should be kind and sympathetic to the people to please the Lord. Somehow, he lays stress on the subjects to remain complying to the commands and orders of the rulers. e The tone of these extracts appears to be sad, gloomy and distressing, as Luther condemns the desecration of churches and monasteries, as well as the burning and killing of the fellow-beings. TASK-II: The present paper aims to analyse two 20th century secondary sources related to Luther’s reformation moveme nt launched in Germany during the early years of 16th century. These include â€Å"Luther’s Teachings – Luther and the German Reformation 1517-1555† by Keith Randell (1989) and â€Å"Progress of Reform-The Protestant Reformation in Europe† by Andrew Johnston (1991). Both these sources are secondary in nature, where Randell’s article has been created for Catholic priests and religious circles only, while the

Israeli Zionism vs Palestinian National Movement Essay

Israeli Zionism vs Palestinian National Movement - Essay Example How is the present day situation related to this piece of information is a question many critics attempt to address with great difficulty because the matter has reached complexity. After the war of 1948, Israelis outnumbered the Palestinians in Jerusalem and from here the Zionists’ intrusion into Palestinian politics started taking place. Zionism itself is a cause for which the Israelis are willing to fight for the rest of their lives (McDowall 1989, p. 146). It has been quite some time but the conflict has still not ended. There could be only one reason why this is the case. Either the Israeli Zionism has  incrementally taken an extremist direction, or is it because the Palestinian nationalist movement has proved to be ineffective. After the exile Israelis settled in Babylon and Egypt; places which were rich resources and provided a better living to them as compared to the limited resources that they had in Palestine. They were however exposed to the idol worshipping nation s which went against their religious tenets and it reminded them of the freedom to practice their religion back in the pre-exile era. They attempted to return to their lands only to receive hostility from the Arab world mainly the Muslims and Christians who were aware that Israel could no longer possess a land. The concept of a homeland has become a myth for the new arrivals in Palestine and totally depends upon who is representing the image of the land to the next generation. The Jews have taken over many lands and want the rest of the Palestinian population to move out of the land to seek opportunities elsewhere because they cannot and do not want any non-Israeli to work under them. Hence, removing the Arabs from their lands which they have owned ever since the Israelis were exiled has not been an easy job for the Zionists. Reconciliation has been attempted ever since the Israeli-Palestinian conflict erupted in the late nineteenth century (Pappe 2005, p. 224). When it comes to the conceptualization of the future solution of the conflict between the two nations, there is always one side of the story narrated, subject to the British, American, Israeli and UN opinions. Less is heard about the Palestinians who are the subaltern. Before 1930, the British made an attempt to create a small community for Jewish people in the land of Palestine with the intention of establishing a â€Å"joint homeland†. Surprisingly, this proposal shifted to partition of the two communities in the mid-1920s. Hence, it was when the Palestinian leadership agreed to consider the joint federative structure in 1928 that the real conflict began. This offer was refused by the Zionist leader in the first attempt but tactfully accepted in 1947 with the intention of establishing itself next to an Arab state. The reason that compelled the Zionists to demand for a partition was the rejection from the Arabs and the refusal from the Palestinian force (Pappe 2005, p. 225). After the war of 19 48 erupted, a new mediator was appointed by the United Nations to propose a solution to end the conflict. Count Folke Bernadotte suggested that there should be a partition of the land into two states and Arab Palestine should be annexed to Transjordan. This seemed to be suggesting a free Arab state with Jerusalem as the

Stereotypical Roles Women Play In Advertisements Essay Example for Free

Stereotypical Roles Women Play In Advertisements Essay Since the commonly known creation Bible story of Adam and Eve, women have been viewed subsidiary to men; society has formed a bias that females cannot perform jobs equivalent to or of the same value as men. The model in Figure 1 is extremely feminine, for example: her nails are painted, she is wearing multiple rings on her fingers as she holds a light grip on the steering wheel, Since the commonly known creation Bible story of Adam and Eve, women have been viewed subsidiary to men; society has formed a bias that females cannot perform jobs equivalent to or of the same value as men. The model in Figure 1 is extremely feminine, for example: her nails are painted, she is wearing multiple rings on her fingers as she holds a light grip on the steering wheel, Advertisements help feed into the stereotypical image of women functioning as housewives and caretakers. One might ask: is advertising simply mirroring societies view on the roles of females, or are they part of the reason why America still labels women as domesticated? Printed advertisements portray women inferior to men by the use of their context, imagery, and content. Companies use the conventional view of women in marketing strategies in order to sell their products. Figure 1 â€Å"The Mini Automatic. For simple driving.† advertisement Source: Mini Automatic Transmission Printed Ad holds a light grip on the steering wheel, her hair is set in perfect curls, her make-up is flawless, and she appears to be dressed up for a special occasion. The expression on the women’s face displays her indecisiveness and insecurity of her driving abilities. Figure 1 states that the Mini Automatic is for â€Å"simple driving†, implying that the motorist is incapable of driving an automobile without difficulty. The advertisement is using the sentiment that women are inadequate drivers; it implies that if a woman is competent enough to maneuver the Mini Automatic, then it must be of simplicity. Before the 1950’s women in America were expected to cook, clean, and take care of the household, whereas men were looked at as the financial support system. Figures 2 and 3 are subliminally underlying the message of men doing a women’s role as a housewife. Both images contain the phrase â€Å"whipped so good†; meaning that if one buys Pinnacle Vodka, it will in turn reverse the classic expectation of women fulfilling household chores and encourage men to do so instead. The advertisements encourage the idea of men superiority because they are performing duties that are seen to be abnormal, such as doing laundry or ironing clothes. Before the 1950’s women in America were expected to cook, clean, and take care of the household, whereas men were looked at as the financial support system. Figures 2 and 3 are subliminally underlying the message of men doing a women’s role as a housewife. Both images contain the phrase â€Å"whipped so good†; meaning that if one buys Pinnacle Vodka, it will in turn reverse the classic expectation of women fulfilling household chores and encourage men to do so instead. The advertisements encourage the idea of men superiority because they are performing duties that are seen to be abnormal, such as doing laundry or ironing clothes. The main objective in Figure 4 Swiffer WetJet advertisement is for the audience to find a commonality between themselves and the mother standing in the kitchen. The advertisement displays a modern day housewife cleaning up after her child. The text states: â€Å"He made it in the kitchen and ate it in the dining room. With Swiffer WetJet, both floors were clean before he was.† Figure 5 shows two women in a clean kitchen with the Orbit logo â€Å"after any meal† indicating that their mothers who cook breakfast, lunch, and dinner for the family. Both Figure 4 and 5 exhibit women in the kitchen, either cleaning or cooking. Society struggles with gender expectations. In figures 1 through 5 women are suggestively thought of as ones who take care of the family and clean the house, whereas men generally take on the dominant role. Advertisements continue to use marketing strategies that are stereotypical to women because people still uphold the belief that men are superior. Advertisements are apart of the problem.

Distance Learning as an Effective Enhancement to the Elementary School

Distance Learning as an Effective Enhancement to the Elementary School Curriculum Distance learning does not replace the existing classroom; rather it has proven to be an effective and useful tool in expanding the elementary school curriculum. Distance learning is defined as the â€Å"education for students working at home, with little or no face-to-face with teachers and with material provided remotely, for example through email, television, or correspondence† (Encarta World English Dictionary, 2001). The concept of distance learning has been around for centuries, evolving from primarily correspondence courses, to the Internet and two-way audio and video connection that are used now to establish a connection between the teacher and the students. (Poole, 2000). Distance learning has been used to augment the curriculum for elementary schools, rather than replace the personalized classroom that is vital to student development. It is designed to expand and fill in the gaps of the traditional course offerings, while meeting the widely diverse needs of each individual student. Distance learning has been designed to enhance student education, while still keeping learning firmly centered within the school. (Ravaglia & Sommer, 2000). There have been many arguments, both for and against distance learning; all have been well supported. However, there is extensive support for the benefits of distance learning, and how it has expanded and enriched the elementary school curriculum. There have been many critics that strongly advocate against the use of distance learning in elementary schools. Many believe that this new teaching method may replace the existing classroom all together, and won’t give students the adequate face-to-face con... ... Poole, D.M. (2000). Student’s participation in a discussion-oriented online course: A case study. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 33, (2), 162-177. Ravaglia, R. & Sommer R. (2000). Expanding the curriculum with distance learning. Principal, 79, (3), 10-13. Scheps, S.G. (1999). Homeschoolers in the library. School Library Journal, 45, (2), 39-40. Truell, A.D. (2001). Student’s attitudes towards and evaluation of internet-assisted instruction. Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, 43, (1), 40-49. Expanding the Curriculum with Distance Learning. (2001). Retrieved November 13, 2001, from http://iiswinprd03.petersons.com/distancelearning/default.asp TEAMS Distance Learning. (2001). Retrieved November 5, 2001, from teams.lacoe.edu. Distance Education. (2000). In Encarta World English Dictionary (Vol. 14, pp. 309). Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.

The Chemistry of Blood Colours

Blood is a necessary component of the majority of living organisms (all vertebrates and some invertebrates); it carries vital nutrients, oxygen and proteins to body tissues and carries away waste products. Blood, although most commonly red, can also be found in such colours as green, blue, clear, pink and violet. However, the common misconception surrounding the idea that human blood is blue before oxygenation is false. All human blood is varying shades of red; these wild alternate colours are found in other animal species such as certain species of crabs and insects. This colouring of the blood can be seen as an indicator of oxygen carrying ability or make apparent the metal with the highest concentration in the blood. The colour containing portions of blood are known as respiratory pigments; these pigments are metal containing proteins which combine reversibly with oxygen. Respiratory pigments are found within cells of blood and their primary function is to aid in the transportation of molecular oxygen. There are four unanimously recognised respiratory pigments, these are; hemoglobin, followed by hemocyanin, then chlorocruorin and Hemerythrin. These four pigments occur in greater percentages and are far more efficient in carrying oxygen than the few other pigments known. These lesser known pigments (not all fully recognised as respiratory pigments) include; vanadium chromagen and pinnaglobin. Haemoglobin, the most common respiratory pigment on earth is the pigment found in all vertebrates (excluding a few Antarctic fish) including humans. Hemoglobin is located within the platelet component of blood giving the distinctive red colouring associated with blood both when oxygenated and deoxygenated, when oxygenated it is a bright red and by the time it is traveling In the veins back to the heart, blood containing haemoglobin is a dark red in colour. This colour is due to the presence of iron in the haemoglobin. Iron is the central atom of the heme group ( Without iron in the heme group, there would be no site for the oxygen to bind) One molecule of haemoglobin, with iron at the centre, can carry four oxygen molecules. Fig 1: Hemoglobin structure Image: (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013) Fig1. 2: Hemoglobin, human adult, heme group Image: (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013) Hemocyanin is the second most evident form of respiratory pigment, found in mollusks, arthropods and some insects. Blood containing Hemocyanin is blue in colour when oxygenated and transparent in appearance when deoxygenated. Oxygenation causes a colour change between the colorless Cu(I) deoxygenated form and the blue Cu(II) oxygenated form. This blue colour is due to the presence of Two copper atom at the centre of hemocyanin particles and unlike haemoglobin, only two oxygen molecules can reversibly combine with the metal proteins at the centre of the hemocyanin particles therefore it is four times less efficient as an oxygen carrier than haemoglobin. Fig. 2: Hemocyanin, deoxygenated and oxygenated Image: (htt) Chlorocruorin is an iron, metalprotein, respiratory pigment with many similarities to hemoglobin. The most notable of the differences between hemoglobin and chlorocruorin is the abnormal heme group structure of chlorocruorin and unlike hemoglobin it floats freely within the plasma of blood rather than being confined to red blood cells. The chemical colour change of chlorocruorin bears resemblance to both hemoglobin and hemerythrin, changing from a green when deoxygenated to red when oxygenated (two oxygen molecules reversibly combine one iron atom). This ration puts chlorocruorin at 25% the efficiency of hemoglobin. Fig. 3: Chlorocruorin structure Image: (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 2013) Hemerythrin is the third respiratory pigment containing iron, found in marine invertebrates (sipunculids and brachiopods) and used for oxygen transfer and/or storage. Although containing the same metal protein, hemerythrin differs from both haemoglobin and chlorocruorin as it contains two more iron atoms which reversibly combine and are connected by an oxygen molecule. This means that the efficiency of this pigment is 25% as effective as haemoglobin and on par for effectiveness with chlorocruorin. When the oxygen molecule combines directly (no heme group) with the iron atoms a colour change occurs; deoxygenated hemerythrin is near colourless changing to a pink/violet colour when oxygenated. Fig. 4: Hemerythrin structure found in sea worms Image: (Coleman, 2009) Other than the four major respiratory pigments, giving blood colour, there is dispute over two other pigments, little is known of these pigments. They are; Pinnaglobin, a brown pigment found in the blood of a mollusc of the genus Pinna, this pigment demonstrates similarities to the pigment Hemocyanin but contains manganese as the metal atom in place of copper. The other proposed pigment (idea is disputed) vanadium chromagen, is said to be light green in colour, contain metal atoms of Vanadium and is found in sea squirts, ascidians and tunicates. Bibliography (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://web. tock. com/kalee/chem32/spec/ (2008, 04 13). Retrieved from http://www. klingon. org/smboard/index. php? topic=1377. 0 Wiktionary. (2012, 11 11). Retrieved from http://en. wiktionary. org/wiki/vanadium_chromagen Coleman, W. F. (2009, 04 11). Dept. f Chemistry, Wellesley College. Retrieved from http://academics. wellesley. edu/Chemistry/Flick/chem341/hemoglobin1. html Department of Biology, Davidson college . (2005). Retrieved from http://www. bio. davidson. edu/Courses/Molbio/MolStudents/spring2005/Heiner/hemoglobin. html Encyclopedia britannica. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/260910/hemocyanin Frey, R. C. (n. d. ). Hemoglobin and the Heme Group. Retrieved from Department of chemistry, Washington University:

Patent Infringement of Internet Technology

Issue in Dispute & Factual Background The issue being disputed is whether Vonage contravened patent law by using a technological invention registered to Verizon, without permission, in providing its online communication services. Infringement was claimed by Verizon on three of its patents. Since 2006, a string of patent infringement cases have been filed against Vonage, an online communications company providing customers with the means to communicate through their computers through the Internet route. Verizon was first to sue Vonage for the use of three patents covering the translation of ‘analog voice signals’ into ‘digital signals’ to allow customers to communicate through their computers with broadband connections. In March, a jury verdict found Vonage to have infringed the patents and this was also upheld by the appellate court but only for the two patents. However, the appellate court remanded the case down to the lower court for re-determination of the monetary award since this was not detailed by the jury. Next to file a case was Sprint Nextel Corporation for the use of its patented voice-over internet protocol (VoIP), which allows computer users to make calls using broadband connections. In September, a jury also found voyage to have infringed this patent. Lastly, Klausner Technologies also communicated its claims to Vonage but this has been settled. To date, claims of Sprint Nextel Corporation and Klausner have already been settled. All these claims involved Vonage’s online use of these technology patents in its online popular communication services. Position of Litigants Verizon based its claims on the infringement of three patents. Patent 574 enhances translations of communication information such as telephone numbers or websites into IP addresses. Patent 711 covers the manner of using computer speakers or microphones to communicate online. Patent 880 covers ‘localized wireless gateway system’ that enables phones to register with transceivers before connecting to the Internet.[1] Although these patents do not constitute online communications, this serves to enhance the system by providing a means of translating numerous digital to analog signals, instructing a means of using speakers and microphones to communicate online, and connecting into local base stations to connect mobile phones to computers. By offering online communication services using these three patents without its permission, Verizon claims that Vonage has violated its patent grant. Vonage claims that it has not violated Verizon’s patents because it did not translate but merely extracted and reformatted the telephone numbers. Verizon also claimed that the court of first instance erred in the direction it gave to the jury, particularly on the construction of vital terms found in the claims. First contested term is ‘translation’, which was construed by the courts generally instead of limiting this to the conversation of higher to lower protocols as contained in the patent grant. Second contested term is ‘conditional analysis’, which was interpreted by the court as generating a result from a prior first condition. Vonage claims that this should be limited only to the preferences of the parties using the system.[2] Since its operations do not fall under the technological systems patented by Verizon, it has not infringed any patent. Ethical Issue & Opinion on the Case Prior to the cases, Vonage has become popular as an online communications company[3]. In 2006, it launched virtual phone numbers in Europe[4] implying the development of a new type of Internet based community function apart from linking its services to various Internet communication channels such as voicemail. Its popularity was due to the competitive prices together with the high Internet accessibility in most developed countries and the higher interconnectivity it offers by being able to link landlines and mobile phones to computers when compared to purely landline or mobile services or with Internet connectivity but limited only to same network calls. Basically, prior to Vonage’s service, VoIP was already existent but with limited use only to partners of the service provider. Vonage took the VoIP concept fused it with the other online communication connectivity and processes and created a service that higher interconnectivity. Did Vonage violate the law? According to the courts, it did violate the patents of the two companies. Was its actions right or wrong? The answer cannot be plainly stated in black and white. On one hand, this may be wrong because it profited out of somebody else’s technological innovation but on the other hand, it served or even empowered the public by giving them an alternative option. Even in a competitive world, consumers, through demand, do not always influence market prices, quality of service, or innovation. This is especially so in the case of online technology sector, which have become a venue for monopoly such as Microsoft. Under existing law and jurisprudence[5] there may be infringement. However, this case could have become a landmark by clarifying the concept of patent for the purpose of negating infringement. A patent is a property right to use or own inventions for a given number of years and an invention is a new creation[6]. However, it does not necessarily cover purpose, function or importance to the community. Patent has also been used for abuse such as the monopolistic tendencies of technological companies. While private property should be respected, this should also be balanced with public good. Moreover, Internet technologies are virtual, making it necessary to determine or limit the processes or operations considered as qualifying for patents. References KSR Int’l Co.v. Teleflex Inc. (No. 04-1350) 119 Fed. Appx. 282. Retrieved November 1, 2007, from www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/04-1350.ZO.html. Richtel, M. (2007, October 26). Shares Rise as Vonage Settles Fight over Patent. The New York Times. Retrieved November 1, 2007, from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/26/technology/26phone.html. Vonage (2007). Timeline. Retrieved November 1, 2007, from www.vonage.com. US Patent and Trademark Office (2007). General Information Concerning Patents. Retrieved November 1, 2007, from http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/index.html#patent. Vonage Told to Stop Using Verizon Technology By IAN AUSTEN Published: March 24, 2007 A federal judge said yesterday that he would order Vonage Holdings, the Internet-based telephone service, to stop using technologies patented by Verizon Communications. The decision, which could force Vonage to close or to install new systems, follows a jury decision this month that awarded Verizon $58 million and monthly royalties. But the judge agreed to postpone the effective date of the injunction for two weeks while he considers a request by Vonage for a stay pending what could be a lengthy appeal. The decision forced a temporary halt in the trading of Vonage shares and eventually sent the company’s stock down $1.05, or 26 percent, to close at $3. Vonage began trading last May at $17 a share. â€Å"For Vonage, everything that can go wrong has gone wrong,† said Richard Greenfield, the co-head of Pali Research in New York. â€Å"The constant stream of bad publicity has got to be adding to customer churn.† As it did earlier this month, Vonage quickly moved to assure its two million customers that their service would not be affected. It has said it is developing alternative technology that does not conflict with Verizon’s patents. â€Å"We are confident that Vonage customers will not experience service interruptions or other changes,† the company’s chief executive, Mike Snyder, said in a statement. â€Å"Our fight is far from over. We remain confident that Vonage has not infringed on any of Verizon’s patents.† Brooke Schulz, a spokeswoman for Vonage, said the company had not seen any effect on its ability to attract and retain customers because of the case. â€Å"We believe this case has had not impact on churn to date, nor do we expect it to,† she said. Judge Claude M. Hilton of Federal District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia in Alexandria said yesterday that an injunction was necessary because fines and royalties will â€Å"not prevent continued erosion of the client base of the plaintiff,† The Associated Press reported from Alexandria. Vonage has been the early leader in an attempt by several companies to shift traditional telephone company customers to Internet-based calling. â€Å"We’re pleased the court has decided to issue a permanent injunction to protect Verizon’s patented innovations,† said John Thorne, a senior vice president and deputy general counsel at Verizon. The three patents that a jury found Vonage to be infringing upon involve the way the company moves calls to and from the Internet from the conventional telephone system, methods for giving customers calling features like call waiting, and means for providing Internet calling through wireless networks. If Vonage is forced to switch to other technologies, the cost and feasibility of such a change is not clear. It is believed that the company has the ability to make remote software updates in devices that its customers have installed at their homes and offices.  Many conventional telephone companies hold patents involving Internet calling. Vonage faces a separate patent lawsuit from Sprint Nextel that has yet to go to trial.   

Essays on Modern Women Poets Essay Example

Essays on Modern Women Poets Essay Example Essays on Modern Women Poets Essay Essays on Modern Women Poets Essay Duffys feminist style of writing criticises the man as selfish and greedy, a common theme echoed throughout The Worlds Wife. Duffys women monologists are frequently powerful, vengeful women whose assertiveness, violence and aggression parodies stereotypes of male behaviour (Jones, 2005: 158) In contrast to Duffys male criticism, Jones believes she is empowering the women in her collection The Worlds Wife I disagree.I feel that she isnt trying to parody their behaviour to the stereotypes of mens, but rather highlight their bravery and what they have to cope with on their own, I think Duffys true message is to show just how much we as women need to deal with. The final line of Mrs. Midas, I miss most, even now, his hands, his warm hands on my skin, his touch. brings the poem to a rather melancholy ending where Mrs. Midas, despite everything is still expressing her love for her husband and how much she misses him.Contrary to this point, Duffy has added a pun at the final two words, his touch. symbolising both the loving and destructive touch he had on their time together. The subtle dose of humour at the end lightens the mood slightly so you are not feeling entirely disheartened by the tragic ending to Mrs. Midas. The final two words of the poem are possibly designed to lift the mood from the tragic tale slightly. The pun, his touch. Symbolises both his literal loving touch and his destructive touch that he had on their relationship.Although this light use of humour is designed to soften the harsh criticisms Duffy makes towards mens implied destructive behaviour, it doesnt detract from the tragic ending, I miss most, even now, his hand s where Mrs. Midas expresses her love for her husband despite everything, I feel that this is intentionally designed to maximise the dislike towards the male role. The final poem of The Worlds Wife is Demeter, arguably the most intriguing of the collection, for it takes on a unique style that sets itself aside from the other poems.Rather than follow the satirical themes throughout the collection, Demeter takes on a celebratory style that gives a satisfied and pleasant ending to the book. Demeter tells the tale of her grief at the loss of her own daughter and the eternal motherly love she has for her. Demeter is the Greek goddess of the harvest. According to myth, Demeters daughter, Persephone, is kidnapped by Hades and forced to live in the Underworld with him for 4 months of each year. Where I lived winter and hard earth, Demeter is so overcome by grief for the loss of Persephone that she plunges the world into winter until the return of her daughter.I sat in my cold stone room. is a metaphor for her feeling trapped and helpless her world has become a tomb without her daughters presence. This poem speaks out particularly to mothers, but also to anyone with a loved one, the dramatic monologue is used to relate to anyone who has experienced the loss be it temporary or permanently, of a loved one. Perhaps the lack of rhyme is due to the complete hopelessness Demeter feels at the beginning of the poem, and the rhyming couplet at the end is a signal of her mourning coming to an end. Janet Lewison comments on the line, to break the ice.My broken heart -, Words resist involvement and connection: nothing and no one get to reach her. She cannot bring her daughter (and by implication herself) back from the place of the dead. Her words are arid and lifeless (Lewison, 2005) I agree with Lewisons comments on this line, I also think it applies to the entire first half of the poem. I particularly think it is true that Demeter feels as though she is in the land of the de ad, just like her daughter, as she has plunged the world into winter so that everyone else can suffer and feel the pain she is suffering.I think this is where Duffy is trying to outline how out of control we can become when struck by grief and how it will only get worse when echoing those feelings onto others. The hyphen at the end of that line creates a feeling as though Demeter has faltered or gasped, it shows she can barely think about it. At the third stanza a noticeable change has occurred in the poem, the mood is lifting. The repetition in the line She came from a long, long way communicates both the distance Persephone has come from and the time Demeter has endured without her, its almost like an exhale of relief.Using the word She instead of directly referring to her daughter shows there was no ambiguity over who it could have been. The final line of that stanza, my daughter, my girl, across the fields uses romantic and maternal language which speaks out to the reader so tha t you can relate to Demeters situation. As Demeters daughter returns from the land of the dead, in bare feet, bringing all springs flowers this symbolises the season of spring settling in, and bare feet connotes rebirth and innocence.with the small shy mouth of a new moon acknowledges that Persephones return is apart of a cycle, and she must return to the Underworld once again, but she will be back. The use of the word mouth I also think conveys Demeter meeting her daughter and kissing her with relief. The structure of this poem takes on the form of a fourteen-line sonnet, which Duffy has adapted slightly. Most of the poem contains no rhyme but includes a rhyming couplet at the final two lines to symbolise the joy Demeter is now feeling. A sonnet seems the perfect type of structure for this poem, as it is essentially a love poem from Demeter to her daughter.The final lines of the poem brings The Worlds Wife as a collection full circle with the line, in bare feet, bringing all spring s flowers which mirrors Out of the forest I come with my flowers taken from Little Red Cap, the very first poem of the book, this supports Demeters themes of rebirth and renewal. Mrs. Midas and Demeter are similar in that they are both based on mythological tales. I feel that using myth to base the dramatic monologues on creates a deeper and more fulfilling message. Both poems follow the themes of marriage, motherhood and the female voice.In terms of the structure of the mood they are both very similar, they both start off with a very heavy and melancholy tone, but end on a slightly lighter note. Duffy has used the dramatic monologue to convey her feminist message of the not so positive stereotype of men, but I feel this is to mask the deeper hidden meanings of love, relationships, betrayal and motherhood that Duffy has herself experienced.BibliographyJones, D (2005) Consorting with Angels: Essays on Modern Women Poets. Northumberland: Bloodaxe Books Drabble, M (2000) The Oxford Com panion to English Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press

How to Start a Homeschool Co-Op

How to Start a Homeschool Co-Op A homeschool co-op is a group of homeschooling families who meet on a regular basis to provide educational and social activities for their children. Some co-ops focus on elective and enrichment classes while others offer core classes such as history, math, and science. In most cases, the parents of the students are directly involved in the co-op, planning, organizing, and teaching the courses offered. Why Start a Homeschool Co-Op There are many reasons that a homeschool co-op  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ large or small  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ can be a beneficial endeavor for parents and students alike. Some classes simply work better with a group. It can be hard to find a  chemistry lab partner at home, and unless you’re doing a one-man play,  drama needs a group of kids. Sure, you may have siblings or a parent who can help out, but for activities such as science labs, it can be beneficial for students to work with their peers. In  a co-op setting, kids learn how to work with a group of students. They can practice vital skills such as delegating tasks, doing their part to make the group activity a success, and resolving conflicts when disagreements arise. A co-op provides accountability. You know those classes that tend to fall by the wayside? Starting a small co-op is an excellent way to prevent that by adding a layer of accountability. You may find that you have good intentions, are continually pushing aside enrichment classes such as art and nature study. When youre meeting with a few other families, youre more likely to follow through on the classes. It’s much easier to stay the course when other people are counting on you. A co-op is a great solution for teaching difficult subjects or skill-based electives.  A co-op can prove to be the perfect way to tackle subjects like  high school level math and science courses or electives for which you lack the knowledge or skill set. Maybe one parent can teach math in exchange for another sharing her talent for art or music. If you know a parent with a unique skill, such as photography or fluency in a foreign language, they may be willing to offer group classes for a fee.  Ã‚   A co-op can make the subject  more fun for the students. In addition to the prospect of greater accountability, a co-op can make a  boring or difficult subject more fun for the students. While the class may still be dull or complicated, the prospect of tackling it with a few friends can at least make the class more palatable. The students might even find the course fun with an instructor and one or two students who display enthusiasm for it, or who have a good grasp on the topic and can explain it in easy-to-understand terms.   Homeschool co-ops can help kids learn to take direction from someone other than a parent. Kids benefit from having instructors other than their parents. Another teacher  may have a different teaching style,  way of interacting with children, or expectations for classroom behavior and due dates. It’s useful for students to learn  to interact with other instructors so that it’s not such a culture shock when they go to college or into the workforce or even when they find themselves in classroom settings within the community. How to Start a Homeschool Co-Op If you’ve decided that a small  homeschool co-op would be beneficial for your family, it’s relatively straightforward to start one. While you needn’t worry about the complex  guidelines that a  larger, more formal co-op would require,  a small, informal gathering of friends still calls for some ground rules. Find a meeting place (or establish an agreed-upon rotation). If your co-op is going to be only two or three families, you’ll likely agree to gather in your homes. You may also be able to use a room or two at a   library, community center, or church. Wherever you meet, be considerate. Offer to help clean up afterward.  Arrive on time.Start on time. It’s easy to get caught up in socializing for the students and their parents.Leave promptly after the class is over. The  host family may have school to complete or appointments on their calendar.Ask if there is anything you can bring or do to simplify hosting. Set a schedule and guidelines. Small groups can disintegrate quickly if one or two people have to miss the class. Set a schedule at the beginning of the year, taking holidays and any known date conflicts  into consideration. Once all the parents have agreed to the calendar, stick to it. Make arrangements for students who have to miss class to make up the work. If youre completing a DVD course, perhaps students can borrow the DVD set and complete the assignment on their own. For other classes, you may consider making copies of materials or having another student take notes for those who are absent. Be sure to build a few flex days into your calendar for the inevitable disruptions such as inclement weather or times when multiple students are sick or unable to attend class. You will also want to determine how long and how often each class will meet and set start and end dates. For example, will this be a year-long or single semester co-op? Will you meet one hour twice a week or two hours once a week? Determine roles. If the course needs a facilitator or instructor, determine who will fill that role. Sometimes these roles fall into place naturally, but make sure that all the parents involved are okay with the tasks that fall to them so that no one feels unfairly burdened. Choose materials. Decide what materials you’ll need for your co-op.  Will you be using a particular curriculum? If you are piecing together your  own course, make sure everyone knows who is responsible for what. For example, if youre teaching an  art co-op, one parent may already own the curriculum that youll be using, so each student would just need to purchase their own supplies based on a materials list provided by the  instructor.For a DVD course, one parent may already own the DVD set required, and each student would need only to purchase their own workbooks. If you’re buying materials to be shared by the group,  such as a DVD set or a microscope, you  will probably want to split the cost of the purchase. Discuss what you’ll do with the non-consumable materials after the course is over. One family may want to buy out the other family’s share to save something  (such as a microscope) for younger siblings, or you may wish to resell  non-consumables and split the proceeds between the families.   Identify age-ranges. Decide what age students your co-op will include and set guidelines for older and younger siblings. If youre teaching a high school chemistry course, it will be distracting for parents and younger siblings to be chatting in the corner. So decide from the beginning if younger siblings will need to stay at home or if there is another room where they could play under the supervision of a couple of parents. You may also want to consider ability-level rather than age. For example, a wide range of ages could learn a foreign language together depending on what level of reading and writing are involved. However you choose to structure it, a small homeschool co-op with a few families is an excellent means of providing  the accountability and group atmosphere that you may be missing in your homeschool.

Abraham Lincoln's Presidential Election Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Abraham Lincoln's Presidential Election - Essay Example Some critics say that the success was purely due to the clashes occurred in the Democratic Party before the elections. However, many argue by showing statistics that the votes polled for and electoral seats won by Republican Party were much higher than the seats won by other parties jointly. However, all this success was very much based on the campaign run by the Republican Party prior to elections. The Republican Party focused on the campaign in the North only. Several leaflets, posters and published editorials focusing on the story of Lincoln’s life were used in campaign by the Republicans. His nickname ‘Honest Abe’ was also very much used. The main focus, throughout the campaign, was Lincoln’s childhood poverty. This showed that the labor is superior and a poor boy could even work to pave his way to the top of leadership by his efforts. Abraham Lincoln was of the view that the slavery should not be allowed to expand in further states of America. He wanted to put it to end but slowly and through constitutional Reforms. However, his success in 1860 elections was not liked by the Southern states as most of the residents of these states own slaves and they perceived that Republican Party wants to end slavery in America completely. This initiated conflict between North and South America. This eventually resulted in Civil war in America which resulted in bloodshed for a period of 4 years in America.